Write the disadvantages of hard water in various fields.
Explain the causes, effects, and prevention methods of scales and sludges.
Calgon conditioning is superior to other conditioning methods. Justify
Evaluate the importance of maintaining ICMR and WHO specifications for potable water for public health protection.
Explain the working principles of Candle filtration and Activated carbon filtration. Compare their efficiency in removing physical, chemical impurities.
Discuss the principle, mechanism, and applications of disinfection methods.
Define deionization and explain ion - exchange method with neat sketch?
Explain Zeolite method with neat diagram and write its advantages?
What is brackish water? Describe Electrodialysis with diagram?
A water sample contains: Ca(HCO3)2 = 162 mg/L, Mg(HCO3)2 = 146 mg/L. Calculate Total hardness in mg/L as CaCO3, Amount of NaCl required for regeneration if 10,000 L water is treated.